Macrozoobenthos are invertebrates which spend most part of their life cycle in or near the bottom substrate and are larger than 500 µm. Because of their ability to adapt, Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae represent one of the most abundant groups of macrozoobenthos in freshwater habitats, but can also be found in all types of aquatic habitats. On March 16th 2019, physico-chemical parameters of water were analysed (temperature, salinity, transparency, O2 saturation and BOD 5) and sediment was sampled with a Van Veen sampler of 0,029 m2 in the swamp Palud and 4 Istrian ponds. A percentage of dry and organic matter in the sediment was calculated. Macrozoobentos individuals have been isolated and counted, and chironomid larvae were determined to the lowest possible taxonomic category. We recorded representatives of 12 taxa groups: Bivalvia, Oligochaeta, Araneae, Hydrachnidia and Copepoda, and Insecta representatives: Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Coleoptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera and Heteroptera. Chironomid larvae dominated the macrozoobenthos of all habitats, except the pond Pili, where the most abundant family was Ceratopogonidae. Eleven chironomid taxa were recorded which belong to three subfamilies (Tanypodinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironominae). Most abundant were Chironomus salinarius, Chironomus plumosus agg. i Tanypus vilipennis. Water temperature, oxygen saturation and salinity were found to have the most influence on community structure. It has also been noticed that with the decrease of organic matter in the substrate, there is an increase in the macrozoobenthos diversity. The increase of the salinity is evidently supporting the presence of halotolerant and halophilic species, like Chironomus salinarius in the Palud, whilst the freshwater species were absent. The lack of data and the importance of ponds as biodiversity hot-spots which support the development of such interesting communities, emphasize the importance of continuing and expanding this kind of research.